Milf Integrees In The Philippine National Police: A Multiple Case Approach
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study was conducted to identify key aspects of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) Combatants' experiences during the integration process into the Philippine National Police. Specifically, this involves defining the MILF's lived experiences of reintegration without disarmament and demobilization, as well as assessing the elements that contributed to the integration process' satisfaction among the integrees. The study was conducted at the cities of Cotabato, Marawi, and the Municipalities of Parang and Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao. Seven selected respondents were coming from the MILF Integrees in the PNP. The qualitative multiple case study design method of research was employed. Interviews and focus group discussions, and document analysis were the principal techniques for data gathering. The interview guide schedule was used to gather data on respondents’ profiles, problems encountered, and policies drawn from the study. Findings show that the experiences of the respondents, particularly on emotional feelings during the selection process, were excitement, apprehension, fear, and surprise. Other experiences of the respondents during the selection process were hardship in obtaining and accessing personal documents, and a lack of educational qualifications. Methodologies of the training were easy for the MILF integrees, and they were satisfied with the performance of their trainers. Support from the national Government is the Continuing Education Program, livelihood program, provision of arms, ammunition, and other combat paraphernalia, and training program. Finally, the peace brought about by the 1996 Final Peace Agreement (FA), including MILF integration, was only tentative. It was effective in the MILF areas of South Western Mindanao not in MILF-controlled areas in central Mindanao.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Ayissi, A. (2021). Three decades of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of ex-combatants in Africa: Lessons learned and challenges ahead. The State of Peacebuilding in Africa: Lessons Learned for Policymakers and Practitioners, 141-162.
Ayson, R. (2021). Cultural Integration Challenges in Post-Conflict Societies: A Case Study of the Philippines. Journal of Peace Studies, 34(2), 112-129.
Baez, S., Santamaría-García, H., & Ibáñez, A. (2019). Disarming ex-combatants’ minds: Toward situated reintegration process in post-conflict Colombia. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 73.
Baquiano, M. J. (2019). Intergroup positioning in peace negotiations: The Bangsamoro peace talks in the Philippines. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 25(3), 234.
Brandt, C. M. (2020). Peace Agreements as Counterinsurgency. University of California, Berkeley.
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., ... & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE.
Deinla, I., & Dressel, B. (Eds.). (2019). From Aquino II to Duterte (2010–2018): Change, Continuity—and Rupture. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.
DIAZ, OVALLE N. A. (2020). The Peace Agreement in Colombia in the Light of International Law.
Digandang-Mayasa, S., & Ayao, K. K. (2018, August). The Moro National Liberation Front Combatants Experiences on Integration to the Armed Forces of the Philippines and Philippine National Police. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Responsive Education & Socio-Economic Transformation (ICRESET).
Dy, V. A. (2022). Clan Politics: A Critical Role in Resolving Muslim Conflict in the Philippines.
Estrera, A. V. L., & Lai, J. W. L. (2017). Rebel integration in conflict settlements: past lessons and the prospects of MILF reintegration (Doctoral dissertation, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School).
Flood, A. (2010). Understanding phenomenology. Nurse researcher, 17(2).
Garcia, J., Santos, R., & Velasquez, M. (2020). Reintegration of Former Rebels into State Security Forces in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 62(3), 89-102
General, M. A., & Makalingkang, A. (2022). Persuasive Strategies in Presidential Spokesperson Atty. Harry Roque Jr.’s Speeches: A Discourse Analysis. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(6), 587-599.
Gumbo, T., & Shava, C. K. (2021). Application of Lederach’s Conflict Transformation Theory by Zimbabwe Council of Churches in National Dialogue: An Insider Perspective. AfriFuture Research Bulletin, 134.
Hall, R. A., & Deinla, I. (2021). Shifts in the humanitarian space? Examining NGO–military engagements during the 2017 crisis in Marawi, Philippines. Asian Politics & Policy, 13(3), 349-365.
Hartzell, C. A., & Hoddie, M. (2015). The art of the possible: Power sharing and post—civil war democracy. World politics, 67(1), 37-71.
Hartzell, C. A., & Hoddie, M. (2020). Power sharing and democracy in post-civil war states: the art of the possible. Cambridge University Press.
Hoddie, M., & Hartzell, C. (2003). Civil war settlements and the implementation of military power-sharing arrangements. Journal of Peace Research, 40(3), 303-320.
Jarstad, A., & Nilsson, D. (2018). Making and keeping promises: Regime type and power‐sharing pacts in peace agreements. Peace & Change, 43(2), 178-204.
Joshi, M., & Quinn, J. M. (2020). Civil war termination and foreign direct investment, 1989–2012. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 37(4), 451-470.
Labrador, M., & Candelaria, L. (2020). Building Bridges: The Challenges of Integrating Ex-Combatants into Police Forces. Asian Security Studies, 16(1), 45-65
Lidasan, A., & Manaligod, K. (2021). The Bangsamoro Peace Process: Insights from Reintegration Programs. Mindanao Research Journal, 7(1), 34-52
Macapado Muslim, A. (2018). Reintegration of Ex-Combatants and Community Perception in Mindanao. Philippine Journal of Conflict Resolution, 9(2), 56-72.
Mattes, M., & Savun, B. (2010). Information, agreement design, and the durability of civil war settlements. American Journal of Political Science, 54(2), 511-524.
Nathan, L. (2020). The real deal? The post-conflict constitution as a peace agreement. Third world quarterly, 41(9), 1556-1574.
Nelson, D. N. (2019). Alliance Behavior in the Warsaw Pact. Routledge.
Nelson, L. L. (2021). Identifying determinants of individual peacefulness: A psychological foundation for peace education. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 27(2), 109.
Olson Lounsbery, M., & DeRouen Jr, K. (2024). Are Non-Inclusive Peace Agreements Effective Counter-Insurgency Strategies?. International Peacekeeping, 31(2), 235-259.
Qutoshi, S. B. (2018). Phenomenology: A philosophy and method of inquiry. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 5(1), 215-222.
Rodríguez-Castellón, J. M. (2024). Evolution and challenges of DDR: A policy review through the prism of Colombia's DDR experience. Heliyon, 10(13).
Santos, S., & Santos, P. (2019). Peacebuilding in the Bangsamoro: Strategies and Challenges. Ateneo de Manila University Press
Scheepers, D., & Ellemers, N. (2019). Social identity theory. Social psychology in action: Evidence-based interventions from theory to practice, 129-143.
Ware, N. C., Hopper, K., Tugenberg, T., Dickey, B., & Fisher, D. (2008). A theory of social integration as quality of life. Psychiatric Services, 59(1), 27-33.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Designs and Methods (6th ed.). SAGE.